Internal-combustion engine



Feb. 13, 1923. 1,445,054

L. M. W OOLSON. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

' FILED APR.6,192'2 v I gnalz'nla'c LwneZ M M02902;-

Patented Feb. 13, 1923.

- LIONEL M. WOOLSON, or person, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR To "PACKARD Mo'roebaiz COMPANY, or DETROIT, MICHIGAN, s conrona'r on or MICHIGAN.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ZENGlN 'k'il';

v Application filed April 6,

found that in nearly every case there are special problems which have to be worked out in order to produce satisfactory results.

'bustion heaters with this new carburetor a It has'fbeen found that a combustion heater deviceihat is satisfactory for one engine or for one carburetor'is not at all practicable for a'slightly difi'erent engine or carburetor,

In some casesit is found desirable to provide a special carburetor or mixing device for obtaining the mixture for the combustion heater and in other cases one form of means for withdrawing the mixture from the. carburetor or intake conduit of the engine is satisfactory under'some conditions 'and'impracticable under others. v

i The theory of the type of combustion heater which is arranged in parallel with the engine intake header and which op'er-' -ates' by'the suction in said header above the throttle valve of the engine, is that the I heater will'be o erated at its maximum on low throttle an at its minimum or not at all on wide open throttle' Somewhere between those-two extremes the action of the heater becomes negligible, and individual 40-users difler as to the desirable point at which the heater should goout or become inactive.- For instance, some users feel that it is not necessary, for-the heater to oper, I ate above fifteen or twenty miles per-hour '45 in an-automobile in which the engine and heater are used, while others want the heater l to remain active up to thirty or'forty miles, per hour. i f I Carburetors, and the theories upon which carburetors are built, also difl'erl greatly amongst the different users and engineers and manufacturersQ-butthis applicant has found by exhaustive experiments that a' somewhat leaner. mixture ,may be. ,uSed at the lower suctions or the lower speeds or loads than is required for. the intermediate speeds or the full loads. Again, at the much higher speeds a somewhat thinner mixture may be used due probably to the exceptional turbulence thatvis setup in the engine cylinders at those speeds.

A the'result of theiabove' referred to experiments this applicant has produced a carburetor in which a mixture having a certain degree of richness is produced for the lower speeds of the engine orthelower suction, and a richer mixture is obtained when" a greater load is required or when the increased'suction of the motor is calling for it.

In attempting to combine previous comdistinct difficulty arose. It was found that when just the-right mixture was-withdrawn from the. carburetor or intake header for operating the combustion heater at the lower speeds, the, mixture withdrawn at the higher orintermediatefspeeds' of the engine The objectof theflexperiments then be-" came to find a way to thin the withdrawn mixture at the higher speeds while at the same time maintaining the correct; proportions of it-at the lower speeds, when the. mixture is withdrawn from a carburetor of the type hereinabove described, and without, of course, the added complication of movable valves and "mechanical moving Parts.

lower partof theheater combustion chamber, that is, beneath; the mixture inlet and I the ignitei; a wlde rangesof degrees of richness of the mixture in ,theicombustion charnher was found to existyiand b'y-reason' of the steadyburning ofth'e mixture brought about. by the rapid moving of it through It was'foundfthat b -ble ding ir into the the combustion chamber and the" agitation per hour.

It was further found that by adjusting this air bleed in the lower partof the combustion chamber, the point. at which the heater would go out could be changed at will, within reasonable limits of course, and

i this made the heater most admirably adjustable to the difi'erent ideas of various users. a

Therefore, one of the objects of this 1nvention is to provide a carburetor of the above referred to type with a heater means of the combustion type that will operate over a wide range of speeds of the engine.

Another objectof the invention is to provide a combustion heater which is readily adjustable to cutting out at various speeds without' the use of mechanical moving parts.

Other objects of-the invention will appear from the following description taken in connection with the drawings, which form a part of this specification, and in which the figure is a vertical section through an in.- ternal combustion engine intake conduit, a carburetor attached thereto, and a combustion heater combined with the carburetor and intake conduit, all built in accordance with this invention.

Referrin to the drawings 10 represents a cylinder block of an internal combustion engine andll is the intake header of conduit of the engine, being detachably connected thereto as by bolts 12. The intake header is in the form of an'elbow and its downwardly extending end is formed to receive acarburetor 13 so that the discharge end 14 of the carburetor registers with the inletlend 15 of the intake conduit. The upper part of v f the carburetor, therefore, becomes a continable point therein the motor throttle 1 valve nation of the intake conduit and at a suit- .16 is arranged. It is shown as mounted in throttle valve 16 may be termed thev mixing the upper part of the carburetor body and it is adapted to, be operated in the usual way to 50 v the motor;

regulate the quantity of mixture passing to The part of the carburetor just below the chamber 17, and the other main parts of the carburetor are a float chamber 18, a fuel nozzle 19 communicating with the 'float chamber, a main air intake 20, an" auxiliary air intake 21 controlled by the spring pressed valve 21, and av mixing tube 22. A float 23 in the float chamber operates a valve 24Ev which controlsthe inlet'port 25 in the usual -way to maintain theliquid fuel in the float chamber at the required level.

A supply pipe 26 oommunicates wlth the port 25 to supply the fuel.

The mixing tube 22 is mounted in the lower part of the mixing chamber 17 and it is shown as of Venturi form. ,Its lower end communicates with the main air intake passage 20. Thus the air entering the carburetor through the main air intake pipe upwardly through the mixing tube 22;.and the air from the auxiliary air intake'2l passes upwardly around the outside ofthemixing tube 22 into the mixin chamber 17. s The nozzle 19 is preirably formed of two tubes 27 and 28, as shown, and aplug 29 by which it is secured in place. The outer tube 27 is secured in thefplug 29 and the inner tube 28 extends into the outer tube. The up per end 30 of the outer tube is separated from the exterior of the inner .tube to form a well 31 and the upper end of this well is so"- located relative to the mixing tube 22 and the float chamber 18 that it is approximately at the neck of the Venturi tube and slightly above the level of the fuel in the float chamber. A restricted port or orifice 32 in the inner tube determines the amount of fuel that may be fed to the well 31.

This well 31, formed as shown, has several advantages; first because of its free open end.

and its restricted inlet orifice 32 it will feed liquid fuel to the venturi at the correct ratio for idling and relatively low suction without danger of leakage when the motor stops,

and second when the motor is started the well will supply a. rich mixture momentarily but without a continuation of it that-is likely to choke the engine. For the higher suction when the maximum power of the motor is required the nozzle is provided with an ex tension outlet '33 which passes upwardly above the well 31 to the upper part of the mixing tube 22, its end 34 discharging directly into the mixing chamber. Through out the length of this extension the interior is considerably restricted so that it will act} air and a rich'm'ixture will be formed for J starting: As soon as the well 31 has been emptied the small port 32 will determine the amount of gasoline fed to the mixing tube and this is suificient for idlin and for the lower range of operating speeds, or low suction. -When the throttle valveis opened wider and a greater suction prevails, however, the 'liquid fuel will be drawn upfa'r ther in the nozzle and will discharge from the outlet Btdirectly, into the mixiri chamber 17. This additional supply'o liquid fuel will compensate for the additional air tion as it, sufliciently to prevent an over r ch mixture at very high suction.

all

i 1 the outlet 39 above said shaft 49.

of the extension The heater part of this invention comprises a combustion chamber 3 5 which may be formed as an integral jacket on the intake conduit 1-1 so that a wall 36 between the interior of the intake conduit and the combustion chamber 35 may constitute a heat trans: ferri'ng wall through which the heat in the combustion chamber may pass to the mixture in the intake conduit.

There is an upward extension 37 ofthe combustion chamber 35 whereby the chamher is somewhat elongated and a passage 38 leads to an outlet port 39 communicating with the interior of the intake conduit above the throttle valve 16. This port 39 is considerably larger than the mixture inlet to the combustion heater which inlet will be hereinafter described and by the arrange ment shown it will be seen that the combustionchamber is always under the influence of the suction inthe intake conduit above the throttle valve.- i

The extension 37 of the combustion chamher is formed in a casting 40 which is detac-hably secured to the main body of the heater as by a pair-of bolts 41 and to the upper partof. the casting 40 is connected a pipe or conduit 4-2 as by an elbow 43. Anut 44 holds the elbow inplace and a screen 45 isclamped between the inner'end of the .nut 44 and a shoulder 46. A spark plug 47 or other form of igniter, is arranged in the'upper end 37 of the combustion cham-' ber, near the inlet or feeding means from-the pipe or conduit 42. v The size of 'the passage or conduit for the mixture is determinedby the drilled opening 48' in the elbow 43 and itwill be seenthat this is much smaller than described. The'p'ther end of the pipe 42 is connected to a hollow sha -ft 49 upon which the throttle valve 16 is mounted and the interior of the pipe 42 communicates withcthe interior of The shaft 49 also hasaone or a series of radial openings-50 which. are'extended through the throttle valve 16 .to the under side of said valve, so that when the valve is closed, as shown in the drawing, the

' openings or ports 50 will communicate with combustion chamber 35 a tween the'igniter 47 and the outlet port 39,

' valve.

the mix'ingchamber 17 below the-throttle theilower'partof the and particularly be- Communicating with is an air inlet means comprising a passage 51 and a valve plug 52. The plug 52flhas side ports '53 and a needle valve 54 controls that mixture so that it will the size of the that the amount, of air admitted to the combustion chamber may be regulated. The valve may be locked in In operation, at the lower range of'suction, most of the air'for the carburetor will be drawn through the main intake 20 and the liquid fuel will be drawn from the well 31 and through the small orifice 32, the air valve 21 being seated throughout the greater part of this range of action. Thesuction will not be strong'enough to draw the liquid fuel up to the top of the inner tube33 ofthe nozzle. The. resulting mixture will be right for the small amount of power that is required from the engine and part of the mixture will be withdrawn from the mixing chamber 17 through charged through the screen 45 into the combustion chamber 35. Air'will alsobe drawn through the air plug 52 into the lower part of thecombustion chamber 35, but this air will not 'r'naterially affect the mixture in the plug 47; The spark will therefore readily ignite vicinity of the spark plug or igniter the mixture'and thejproducts of combustionwill pass through the port 39 into the intake con'duit'where it will be combined withjthe mixture passing'to. the engine and will heat r be readily ignited in the engine cylinders a As the throttle is opened or the speed of the motor increasesa greater suction is produced oil-the fuel nozzle so that liquid fuel is drawn from the upper end 34 of the nozzleand at the same time the. tionl also opens the valve 21. tions of these are such that richer mixture is produced for The proper? flame becomes extinguished, for any reason.: But vwith this steadily burning InlXlZlliQfiIKin the increased richness of it due tofthe dif-i fere'n'ce in the action of., the carburetozg'theVv flame in the combustion chamber moves downwardly below the spark plug 47 and to the lower part of the chamber because somewherebetweenthe spark plugand the chamber. outlet proportion for complete combustion, due, of course,'td the air which is chamber between the spark plug and the chamber outlet:

the mixture is atj just the right admitted to the By adjusting the size of the chamber, and the fspeed of; the engine position by a nut the pipe 42 and dispipe 42 and is discharged into opening throughlthe air plug 52 the flame will be seen to rise or drop in the combustion a somewhat the, required increase of power and some of this richer, 10

10,0 greater .suc-

increased .or the throttle opening changed the same rise or fall will occur. Eventually, as by closing oil the air inlet entirely or by opening up the throttle very wide, the

flame may go out entirely due to the resultchanges in the mixture.

Vhile' I have herein-described in some de- ,-tiaii a specific embodiment of my invention,

which I deem to be new and advantageous and may specifically claim, I do not desire it to be understood that myinvention is limited to the exact details of the construction, as it v will be apparent that changes may be. made therein without departing from the spirit or scope of my invention.

' :;-Having thus described my invention, what I claim and-desire to secure by Letters Patent' is:

1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a carburetor adapted to deliver a lean mixture over a low speed range and a richer'mixture over a higher speed'range, of a combustion heater comprising a combustion chamber connected to the engine suction between the throttle valve and the engine cylinder, a-conduit arranged to Withdraw a portion ot-the mixture formed cdmbustion chamber connected to the engine su'ction between the throttle valve and the engine cylinder, a conduit arranged to with- -draw a. portion of the mixture formed by the carburetor and. feeding it downwardly ji'into the top of saidlchamber, an igniterjfor the mixture arranged adjacent to the point "of feeding-in, and air inlet"means,for=the chamber between" theigniter and the suction speed range, of a combustion heater compris mg a combustion chamber connected to the enginesuctionbetween the throttle valve and thqfcnglj'l cylinder, a conduit arranged to withdraw aportion of the mixture formed 1 "bythecarburetbr and feedingit downwardly .h into the top o f said'cham, er, an igniter for, the mixture arranged ad acent to'the polnt' ira inlet'me'ans-at the,

1 B els mea es em l cha b artis m at h jf'the'cbambenanmr inlet means In. air/internal, combustion engine, the combination with a carburetor adapted to. deliver a lean mixture over a low speed, range and a richer mixture over a higher at thelower part of the chamber, and igniter arranged near the inlet means.

5. A combustion heater xcomprising a chamber, a mixture inlet means at the upper part of the chamber, outlet means atthe lower part of the chamber, an adjustable air inlet means at the lower part of the chamber, and an igniter arranged near the inlet,

means.

6.- A combustion heater comprising a chamber having mixture inlet means at lts upper part, an outlet means of greater oapacity than the inlet means and arranged in the lower part of the chamber, an igniter arranged in the chamber near the inlet means, and an air inlet means adapted to admit air to the chamber between the igniter and the outlet means.

7. In an internal combustion engine,'the combination with a carburetor adapted to deliver a lean mixture over a low speed range and a richer mixture over a higher speed range, of a. combustion heater comprising a combustion chamberconnected to the engine suction between the throttle valve and'the engine-cylinder, a conduit arranged to withdraw a portion of the mixture formed by the carburetor and feeding it to said chamber, means comprising an air inlet for said chamber, and means for igniting the mixture in the chamber. f

8.,In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a carburetor"'adapted to deliver a lean .mixture, ,.over a low speed range and a richermixture cover ahigher speed range, of afcom stion. heater comprising a combustion. chamber. connected to and the-engine cylinder, a conduit'arranged 'to withdraw a portion of'the mi'xture formed combination with a carburetorjad'apted to deliver-a lean mixture over a low speed range and a richer mixture-over a h gher speed range, of a combustion heater comprising a suction between the'throttle valve and the the engine suction between the. throttle valve engine cylinder, a conduit arranged to with! draw a portion of the mixture formed by the carburetorand feeding it'to said chamber, means comprising an air inlet for the chamher remote from'ithe point Where the mixture is fed tothe chamber, and an igniter for the mixturearranged between the feeding-in pointafid-the airinlet. 1Q. M eans for-forming a heated vcombustill suction and aricher mixture on higher sucble 'mixture for internal combustion engines, cQmprIsIng, 1n combination, a carburetor adaptedftofie'hver a-lean'mlxture on low combustion chamber connected to the engine i tion, a combustion chamber independentof the combustion space in the engine, a conduit connected to Withdraw part of the mixture delivered by the carburetor, means for 5 feeding the withdrawn mixture into the upper part of said chamber, means comprising zr'larger channel than the feeding means for withdrawing the products of combustion from the combustion chamber, means for feeding air into the lower part of the combustion chamber, and an igniter in the corn bustion chamber. i r

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

LIONEL MjWOOLSGN. 

